It could have been any number of things.....worms, coccidiosis and enterotoxemia are all extremely probable this time of year. All can kill fast if given the right breeding grounds.
For prevention of Enterotoxemia, vaccinate the herd with CD&T. Three initial doses 3-4 weeks apart, then two yearly booster shots.
For worms, you need to use something that is not Safeguard, as Susanne said, Safeguard is very safe....its even safe for the worms.

Safeguard just doesn't work in most areas at all. It absolutely will not get the bloodsucking worms that cause anemia and death. You need to use Cydectin, Ivomec, etc. Cydectin and Ivomec are bought as injectables or pour-ons, but you give them ORALLY in goats!! Don't try to follow the cattle label and inject or topically apply, just squirt it in their mouths.
For Cocci treatment and prevention, you'll need to use one of the many Sulfa products available. Corid, Albon, Demethox, Sulmet, etc are all for coccidiosis.
Pneumonia is also highly likely in humid areas of the country this time of year. We have to watch for it closely here in southern missouri with all this springs rainfall. Don't have it often, but I am always on the lookout for it.
It could have been anything.......preventable or not its hard to say without seeing the animal. Sorry for your loss.