There was an old survey system. But this new one is from a law passed in 1997.
Starting in 1998 and every 5 years thereafter the USDA is to do a complete Ag census. Our next census is 2013.
There are fines for avoiding questions and fines for fraud.
I spent a day on the phone, being bounced between three different offices of the USDA, before any of them could find the paragraph in the law.
This years survey is only a pre-screening to allow the USDA to finish the list of farm producers and focus on what questions they will be asking in 2013
The listing of who got this year's pre-screening came from all other Federal Agencies [The IRS, FBI, etc] of who they think may be a farmer. The Patriot Act requires that all Federal Agencies share all data they collect with all other Federal Agencies.
If you have 10 chickens they want to know.
All data they get, will be put in a database, and compiled. Then shared with congress [for whatever new laws they wish to pass]; shared with the IRS, FEMA, NSA, state governments and Homeland Security.
The rationale is that with this data, congress will be better able to focus Farm subsidy money to help the farmer with tax dollars.
US Code, Title 7, paragraph 2204G. AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE TO CONDUCT CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE [written in 1997]
Quote:
(a) Census of agriculture required
(1) In general, In 1998 and every fifth year thereafter, the Secretary of Agriculture shall take a census of agriculture.
(d) Enforcement
(1) Fraud
A person over 18 years of age who willfully gives an answer that is false to a question, which is authorized by the Secretary to be submitted to the person in connection with a census under this section, shall be fined not more than $500.
(2) Refusal or neglect to answer questions
A person over 18 years of age who refuses or willfully neglects to answer a question, which is authorized by the Secretary to be submitted to the person in connection with a census under this section, shall be fined not more than $100.
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The Farm bill of 1997 included this gem.
2012 is the year for a pre-screening survey, to focus the USDA on exactly who farmers are. In preparation for the real survey coming in 2013.
False answers can be fined not more than $500.
Refusing to answer of neglecting to answer a question can be fined not more than $100.
The law explains that you are required to answer any question they have except for your SSN and your religion.