They sell wood by the volume, not just the length of it.
A board foot is a piece of wood 1 foot long, one foot wide, and one inch thick.
So a 2x4x 8 feet long is how ever many board feet, and a 2x8 by 8 feet long is however many board feet (it would be twice as many because the wood is twice as big).
If a place is selling by the linear foot, then each type of wood (2x4, 2x6, 1x8, etc) would have it's own different price.
Whatever, it's all based on a board foot - the volume of the wood.
Things that affect wood cost:
Type of wood. (Common or rare)
How far it had to be hauled. (Southern yellow pine costs a lot more here in MN than down in the southern pine forests)
How much sawing it took to make that piece of wood. (Takes more sawing to make (5) 2x2 pieces of wood than it takes to make (1) 2x10 so the small wood can cost more; tho it takes a nice log to find a good 2x10, while some 2x2 pieces can be cut from a poor log so this is a 'it all depends' sort of thing)
Also depends if you are hiring someone to saw up your wood, or if you are buying wood all cut to size.
--->Paul